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Laryngitis refers to inflammation or irritation of the tissues of the larynx. Laryngitis causes a hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of this irritation to the vocal folds or cords.

Gastritis is a condition that involves the irritation and inflammation of the stomach lining, afflicting millions of people. Any number of things can cause gastritis, from injury to bacterial infection. Chronic gastritis may be associated with an autoimmune condition, such as anemia or hypothyroidism, kidney or liver disease - but is usually a common, acute condition associated with stress.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is something that people often find difficult to talk about, yet it is one of the most common digestive conditions seen by doctors. It is estimated to affect approximately 20% of the US population.

Gallstones are solid pieces of material that develop in the gallbladder and look like small stones or pebbles. Gallstones may be as small as grains of sand or as large as a golf ball. The gallbladder can develop several hundreds of tiny stones or one large one, or a combination of both.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder that causes inflammation and swelling in the digestive tract or intestinal wall. When the digestive tract becomes chronically inflamed or irritated, bleeding sores called ulcers develop. These ulcers can cause abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, blood in the stool, fatigue, reduced appetite, weight loss, or fever.

Diverticulitis is a condition that occurs when sac-like pouches (diverticular) form in the wall of the colon and become inflamed or infected. When stool or food is not broken down, it becomes trapped in the diverticular resulting in pain, swelling, bleeding and infection of the abdomen. It is similar to appendicitis and has the potential to rupture if left untreated. Diverticulitis can lead to a number of serious problems such as an abscess, bleeding, bowel obstruction, fistula, perforation or peritonitis.

Sleep apnea is a condition characterized by episodes in which breathing stops during sleep. These episodes of stopped breathing usually last for 10 seconds or more, sometimes more than 300 times a night. This condition is potentially life threatening causing significant social and emotional problems, and hampering day to day living. People with sleep apnea will awaken partially as they struggle to breathe, but in the morning will be unaware of any sleep disturbances ever occurring.

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), is a condition in which a person’s legs or arms twitch, cramp or move involuntarily and periodically during sleep. Previously, PLMD was referred to as nocturnal myoclonus - rapid, rhythmic contractions of the muscles often seen in seizures. However, PLMD is not myoclonus.

The term diuretic refers to any substance that helps to rid the body of excess body fluids and salts through urination. These can take the form of prescription or over-the-counter drugs, homeopathic and herbal remedies or certain foods with diuretic qualities that promote urine formation. Whatever the source, diuretics help to prevent or treat a number of conditions including fluid retention (edema), high blood pressure, and glaucoma.

Often referred to as a sore throat, acute pharyngitis is a painful inflammation of the pharynx (the area that joins the nasal cavity and the oral cavity to the larynx) in the throat region. 'Acute' pharyngitis simply means that the condition has not persisted more than a few weeks (which would then be classified as 'chronic'). Pharyngitis occurs most commonly with a viral upper respiratory infection.